An active ingredient is a substance or group of compounds that are essential to the properties of a given raw material. It may occur naturally in plant material, constitute an isolated substance, or be a component to which an extract is standardized.
Active ingredients include both individual compounds, such as caffeine, piperine, baicalin, or forskolin, as well as broader groups of compounds, e.g., anthocyanins, phytosterols, polyphenols, polysaccharides, or saponins.
In the case of plant extracts, information about the active ingredient is often linked to standardization. It specifies the declared content of a selected compound or group of compounds in the raw material. Examples include extracts standardized to ginsenosides, andrographolide, silymarin, boswellic acids, or EGCG.
Raw materials containing the same active ingredient may differ in its concentration, origin, extraction method used, carrier, and physical form. Therefore, when comparing products, it is necessary to check their current specification and technical documentation.